Analisis Strategi Perlawanan Indonesia Dalam Diskriminasi Kelapa Sawit Oleh Uni Eropa

M Fuadillah Nugraha* - 

DOI : 10.35673/ajmpi.v6i1.1458

This study aims to determine how Indonesia's resistance strategy in oil palm discrimination by the European Union. Researchers use the perspective of liberalism and idealism, and the basic assumptions are peace and war avoidance. The results show that EU discrimination against Indonesian CPO products requires players in the palm oil industry and the Indonesian government to work together to design and develop intensive diplomatic efforts aimed at the EU government and its people. The Indonesian government's efforts to oppose the EU's incentives for the use of palm oil are 1) filing claims and challenges against the EU incentives to reject palm oil restrictions, 2) The Indonesian government emphasizes the importance of distributing Indonesian palm oil globally 3) Lobbying the leadership of the APEC organization to ensure the safety of Indonesia's palm oil industry 4) Undertake Join Capaign efforts by the world's largest palm oil producer to protect the stability of palm oil shipments and take action against negative campaigns against palm oil, and unite voices in drafting an agreement to jointly support industrial development palm oil to be more resilient against the global backlash on palm oil.

Keywords
Discrimination; Oil Palm,; Strategy; Resistance.
  1. Achmad, Aries Djaenuri, Tjahya Supriyatna, and Muchlis Hamdi. “Collaborative Governance in Renewable Energy Utilization.” International Journal of Science and Society, 2020.
  2. Alatas, Andi. “Trend Produksi Dan Ekspor Minyak Sawit (CPO) Indonesia.” AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research, 2015. https://doi.org/10.18196/agr.1215.
  3. Andrianto, Steve. “SENGKETA EUROPEAN UNION DAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA PASAL 26 RED II DAN WTO.” Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan, 2020. https://doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v5i01.2181.
  4. Arifin, Bustanul, and Komang Audina Permana Putri. “Indonesian Government Strategies On Obtaining Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Market Access To European Union Countries Over The EU Parliament Resolution On Palm Oil And Deforestation Of Rainforest.” Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS), 2019. https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.8.2.201-221.2019.
  5. Basiron, Yusof, and Foong-Kheong Yew. “The Burden of Rspo Certification Costs on Malaysian Palm Oil Industry and National Economy.” Environment & Health, 2016.
  6. Cho, Seong Hoon, Heeho Kim, Roland K. Roberts, Taeyoung Kim, and Daegoon Lee. “Effects of Changes in Forestland Ownership on Deforestation and Urbanization and the Resulting Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Journal of Forest Economics, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2013.10.002.
  7. Damuri, Yose R., and Creina Day. “Survey of Recent Developments.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2015.1016565.
  8. Ermawati, Tuti, and Yeni Saptia. “Kinerja Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit Indonesia.” Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 2013.
  9. European Commission. “European Resource Efficiency Platform - European Commission.” EC Directorate General ENVIRONMENT, 2012.
  10. European Parliament. “European Parliament Resolution of 16 February 2017 with Recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics.” European Parliament, 2017.
  11. Febriano, Muhammad Riza, Hariyadi Hariyadi, and A Roby Falatehan. “STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) SEI MANGKEI, KLASTER INDUSTRI HILIR KELAPA SAWIT TERINTEGRASI DAN BERKELANJUTAN.” JURNAL AGRICA, 2017. https://doi.org/10.31289/agrica.v10i1.587.
  12. Gaol, Denada Faraswacyen. “FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT DIPLOMASI CPO INDONESIA DI PASAR EROPA.” Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 2018. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v2i2.47.
  13. Goyena, Rodrigo, and A.G Fallis. Analisis Daya Saing Kelapa Sawit (CPO) Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 2019.
  14. Habibie, A B. “Strategi Indonesia Dalam Mengatasi Black Campaign Sawit Untuk Meningkatkan Ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Periode Tahun 2007-2012.” Global Dan Policy, 2016.
  15. Hasan, Mohamad F., and Michael R. Reed. “An Analysis Of Factors Determining Competitiveness: The Case Of The Indonesian Palm Oil Industry.” Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 2016. https://doi.org/10.21082/jae.v19n1.2001.1-17.
  16. Hinkes, Cordula. “Adding (Bio)Fuel to the Fire: Discourses on Palm Oil Sustainability in the Context of European Policy Development.” Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00541-y.
  17. Hospes, Otto. “Marking the Success or End of Global Multi-Stakeholder Governance? The Rise of National Sustainability Standards in Indonesia and Brazil for Palm Oil and Soy.” Agriculture and Human Values, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-014-9511-9.
  18. Hudori, M. “PERBANDINGAN KINERJA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA.” Jurnal Citra Widya Edukasi, 2017.
  19. Indrapraja, Fadhil Muhammad. “Analisis Terhadap Sertifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan Sebagai Instrumen Penaatan Hukum Lingkungan.” Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, 2018. https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v4i2.61.
  20. Nambiappan, Balu, Azman Ismail, Norfadilah Hashim, Nazlin Ismail, Dayang Nazrima Shahari, Nik Abdullah Nik Idris, Noraida Omar, Kamalrudin Mohamed Salleh, Nur Ain Mohd Hassan, and A. Kushairi. “Malaysia: 100 Years of Resilient Palm Oil Economic Performance.” Journal of Oil Palm Research, 2018. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2018.0014.
  21. Natashya, Jevon. “Hambatan Ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia Ke Uni Eropa Pasca Kebijakan Renewable Energy Directive (RED).” Jurnal Sentris, 2020. https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v2i2.4185.127-155.
  22. Nuryanti.s. “Nilai Strategis Industri Sawit.” Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 2008.
  23. Okano-Heijmans, Maaike. “Changes in Consular Assistance and the Emergence of Consular Diplomacy.” Diplomatic Studies, 2011.
  24. Overdevest, Christine, and Jonathan Zeitlin. “Experimentalism in Transnational Forest Governance: Implementing European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Voluntary Partnership Agreements in Indonesia and Ghana.” Regulation and Governance, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12180.
  25. Prasetia, Arus Reka. “NATION BRANDING: KOMUNIKASI (KENEGARAAN) ATAU KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN?” In Conference on Communication and New Media Studies: Peran Dan Kontribusi Kajian Komunikasi Dalam Era Komunitas ASEAN, 2015. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3692.2960.
  26. Rahayu, Sekar Wiji, and Fajar Sugianto. “IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN DAN DISKRIMINASI PELARANGAN EKSPOR DAN IMPOR MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DAN BIJIH NIKEL TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA.” DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 2020. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v16i2.3439.
  27. Robertua, Verdinand. “Environmental Diplomacy: Case Study of the Eu-Indonesia Palm Oil Dispute.” Mandala Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 2019.
  28. Sari, Y., and S. Suhadak. “PENGARUH ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (ACFTA) TERHADAP EKSPOR KOMODITI KELAPA SAWIT DAN KARET ALAM INDONESIA KE CHINA (Studi Pada Trade Map Periode Tahun 2006-2014).” Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis S1 Universitas Brawijaya, 2017.
  29. Suwarno, Windratmo. “Kebijakan Sawit Uni Eropa Dan Tantangan Bagi Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia.” Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 2019. https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.81150.
  30. ———. “The Challenge of Indonesian Diplomacy Against Palm Oil Discrimination.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional, 2019. https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v15i2.3416.197-212.
  31. Swandi, M. K., Periadnadi, and Nurmiati. “Isolasi Bakteri Pendegradasi Limbah Cair Industri Minyak Sawit.” Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas, 2015.
  32. Syahril, T. Zulham, Ishak Hasan, Jumadil Saputra, Helmi Noviar, and Okta Rabiana Risma. “Does the World Price of Crude Palm Oil and Total of Production Determine Palm Oil Marketing Margins in Indonesia.” Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7232/iems.2020.19.3.520.
  33. Tyson, Adam, and Eugenia Meganingtyas. “The Status of Palm Oil under the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive: Sustainability or Protectionism?” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1862411.
  34. Woolcock, Stephen. European Union Economic Diplomacy: The Role of the EU in External Economic Relations. European Union Economic Diplomacy: The Role of the EU in External Economic Relations, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2012.737680.
  35. WRI. “Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT). Climate Data Explorer. 2017.” World Resources Institute, 2017.

Full Text:
Article Info
Submitted: 2021-05-25
Published: 2021-06-14
Section: Artikel
Article Statistics: 785 2951
In Vol 6, No 1 (2021)